XXHPM Integrated System

1. Overview

The development and illegal misuse of drone technology have brought security risks and threats to controlled areas such as airports and key facilities. Examples include the illegal operation of small drones, unauthorized intrusions, and terrorist attacks. Drones fall into the category of "low‑altitude, slow‑speed, small‑target" (LSS) objects, generally characterized by low‑altitude or very‑low‑altitude flight, low speed, and difficulty of detection, posing significant challenges for target detection. To address the urgent need for drone countermeasures, it is highly valuable to establish a drone defense system that integrates long‑range search and tracking radar, electro‑optical tracking equipment, radio detection and jamming, high‑power microwave (HPM) strike capabilities, and integrated situational display and command control.

The HPM mobile drone countermeasure system developed by our unit is an integrated system combining detection, reconnaissance, identification, jamming, and strike capabilities. The system coordinates radar, electro‑optical equipment, radio detection, and other means to collect and integrate multi‑source detection and monitoring information, enabling early detection, accurate identification, and timely warning of suspicious small drone targets and abnormal activities. It analyzes and assesses target threat levels, makes jamming and interception decisions, and provides continuous, high‑precision, high‑data‑rate target guidance information for electronic jamming and HPM strike equipment, commanding defense and strike operations to ensure the security of airports, key facilities, and other areas under protection.

1.1 Deployment Components

Based on the actual conditions of the area requiring protection (airport, key facility, etc.), considering sensor performance, terrain, building height, line‑of‑sight conditions, etc., a number of radar, electro‑optical, radio detection, radio jamming, and HPM high‑power microwave strike devices are configured. The deployment and equipment functions are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. The system includes search and tracking radar, electro‑optical tracking equipment, radio detection equipment, directional jamming equipment, and HPM equipment. The quantities and purposes are as follows:

Table 1 – Main Equipment Composition

Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the XXHPM Integrated System composition (Figure not reproduced)

2. Technical Specifications

Radar architecture: 3D, digital phased array

Radar operating band: Ku band (or X band)

Radar detection accuracy:
a) Azimuth error: ≤1°
b) Elevation error: ≤1°

Radar detection capability:
a) Azimuth coverage: 0° – 360°
b) Elevation coverage: 0° – 30°
c) Maximum detection altitude: ≥3000 m

Drone detection range:
Typical small drone (RCS = 0.01 m², Pd ≥ 80%, Pf ≤ 10⁻⁶): ≥5 km

Maximum number of targets:
a) Search: 64 tracks (general targets)
b) Tracking: ≥10 tracks (priority targets)

Radio detection:
a) Operating frequency range: 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz
b) Effective range: 0 – 5 km (circular radius, under line‑of‑sight conditions, typical drone target: DJI Phantom‑4 with Lightbridge 5.8 GHz HD video transmission)
c) Coverage: 360° horizontal
d) Direction finding accuracy (rms): 3°

EO detection range: ≤3 km (under radar cueing)

EO identification range: ≤2 km

HPM high‑power strike range: ≤200 m

2.1 Safety

Sufficient and comprehensive measures must be taken to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

3. Product Assurance Requirements

3.1 Environmental Requirements

a) Operating temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C
b) Storage temperature: -40 °C to +65 °C
c) Relative humidity: 95% ±3% (at +35 °C ±2 °C)
d) Wind resistance: Normal operation under steady wind of Beaufort force 6; no damage under force 8

3.2 Quality and Reliability Requirements

a) MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures): ≥2500 hours
b) Continuous operation time: ≥12 hours
c) Turntable service life: ≥15 years

3.3 Maintainability Requirements

a) MTTR (Mean Time To Repair): ≤1 hour
b) Critical and important parts shall be repairable and replaceable
c) Requirements for anti‑mismating and labeling
d) Parts requiring disassembly and maintenance shall have good accessibility; sufficient maintenance space shall be reserved for ease of disassembly.

4. Overall Technical Solution

The system in transit (driving) state is shown in Figure 3‑3, and in operating state in Figure 3‑4.

Figure 3‑3 – System transit diagram

Figure 3‑3 – System operation diagram (Labels indicate figure duplication in original; likely Figure 3‑4 is intended)

The electrical control part of the integrated system includes: leveling mechanism, azimuth mechanism, elevation mechanism, lifting mechanism, locking device, etc.

The integrated system communicates with the higher‑level integrated display and control subsystem via Ethernet, receiving timing information, heading angle information, and tracking control commands from that subsystem. It reports self‑check results, control information, and operating status to the integrated display and control subsystem. Under the management of that subsystem, it completes tasks such as deployment, leveling, program tracking, and stowage.

During operation: The leveling mechanism first levels the vehicle; then the lifting mechanism raises the antenna payload out of the shelter. The turntable receives pointing guidance data and heading angle data from the command system and cooperates with the radar.

During stowage: The turntable moves to the stowed position, and azimuth and elevation are locked. After receiving the stow‑completed signal from the turntable, the lifting mechanism begins retraction, lowering the turntable and radar system into the shelter. After retraction is complete, the leveling mechanism retracts the outriggers.